- LaGuardia Airport reopens with limited service. Homes in Seaside Heights, New Jersey sit in ruins on the Atlantic Ocean waterfront after being destroyed by Hurricane Sandy on October 31, 2012. During the storm, water from the Hudson River overtopped the seawall protecting Hoboken and flooded much of the city, isolating an estimated 20,000 residents in their homes. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Parts of subway lines were inundated along with the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel and the Queens-Midtown Tunnel. Many media outlets started calling it "Superstorm Sandy" after the storm made landfall, weakened and was downgraded from hurricane status. - The White House, which has already approved more than $137 million in direct assistance for those in need, says that about 164,000 Connecticut, New York and New Jersey residents have applied for federal assistance from FEMA. - The US Energy Information Administration reports that roughly 27% of stations in metropolitan New York do not have gas available for purchase. As it progressed Sandy dropped a deluge of snow in the Appalachian Mountains in Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. The disaster showed how vulnerable wider areas of the United States are to extreme weather events, particularly in a time when scientists warn that climate change is threatening sea-level rise and hotter temperatures. Some people have been talking about creating a Category 6 hurricane designation, but a Category 5 already means near total destruction. - National Guard arrives in Hoboken, New Jersey. Water shortages are also common in the aftermath of Category 4 hurricanes, potentially making the affected area uninhabitable for weeks or months. There is a high risk of injury or death to people, livestock and pets from flying and falling debris. All but one European weather model had predicted the storm would turn and travel out to sea instead of striking the U.S. Just before the storm hit, the National Hurricane Center put local weather offices in charge of issuing advisories. After its maximum sustained winds increased to more than 90 miles (144 km) per hour during the late evening, NHC officials reclassified the storm as a category 2 hurricane. An unusual combination of hurricane conditions and cold fronts made Sandy particularly potent. More than 80 of the schools in the district have experienced severe damage and cannot be opened that day. - New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority suspends subway and commuter rail services at 7 p.m. So while there is a measurement difference between 157 mph winds and 200 mph winds, there may not be much practical difference in terms of destructive force between a Category 5 hurricane and what might be labeled as a Category 6 hurricane. Hurricane Wilma was a Category 3 hurricane when it reached Florida’s coast in 2005, bringing initial winds of close to 120 mph. October 25, 2012 - Hurricane Sandy makes landfall in southeastern Cuba as a Category 2 hurricane with 105 mph winds. NOAA reports that this reformed structure was unusual and was spurred by warm waters. - New Jersey Governor Chris Christie orders residents living in the barrier islands from Sandy Hook South to Cape May to evacuate. Tim Sharp - LiveScience Reference Editor Many homes along the East Coast were destroyed, with parts of the Jersey Shore and Staten Island particularly impacted. But the Saffir-Simpson scale only goes up to 5. In the immediate aftermath of the storm, property damage was estimated at between $30 billion and $50 billion; however, this estimate had grown to $71.4 billion by 2014. Power outages will last for weeks to possibly months. Sandy set other records, however, CNN reported. On October 30, the storm began to weaken as it moved inland before finally dissipating the next day over Pennsylvania. The storm swept through the Caribbean as a tropical cyclone (hurricane), and, upon reaching the waters off the coast of New Jersey, it merged with a fast southeastward-moving cold air mass, which drew it westward over land. Along the Jersey shore, people were left stranded in their homes and waited for rescue teams in boats to rescue them. However, the bulk of storm-related deaths, injuries, and property damage occurred in the United States. - Bloomberg estimates the total public and private losses to New York City to be $19 billion. - US Federal offices in Washington area close to the public. Since the storm, affected regions have rethought their disaster plans to try and increase their preparedness. $7.4 billion in supplemental mitigation protection and prevention coverage. Wind and rain disrupted electricity service from parts of Quebec to North Carolina and as far west as Indiana and Illinois. Sandy's strength and angle of approach combined to produce a record storm surge of water into New York City. See how the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration breaks down the hurricane category scale here. - The Broadway League cancels all Broadway performances for Sunday and Monday nights. - Gas rationing begins in 12 New Jersey counties. Older mobile homes will likely be destroyed, and debris can ruin newer mobile homes, too. It was ultimately dubbed a superstorm, an unofficial designation given to large storms that don't easily fit into a single classification. Tropical Storm Dorian is expected to bring heavy rains and damaging wind to Puerto Rico on Wednesday before moving back over open water, where it may strengthen into a major hurricane before making landfall along the Southeastern U.S. coastline by early Monday. - According to a report released by the National Hurricane Center, Sandy is expected to rank as the second-costliest tropical cyclone on record, after Hurricane Katrina of 2005, and will probably be the sixth-costliest cyclone when adjusting for inflation, population and wealth normalization factors. Sandy is considered the fourth most expensive storm in U.S. history, and more than 600,000 housing units were destroyed in New Jersey and New York. - New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg orders evacuations in low-lying areas and public school closures. Two days later, it strengthened and officially became a Category 1 hurricane as it moved northeast. Well-constructed houses could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Absorbing energy as it moved northward, the depression grew into a tropical storm, and the NHC named the system Sandy. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly-rooted trees may be toppled. The National Weather Service reported that "multiple remnants" were circulating across the lower Great Lakes region and moving into Canada. Once wind speeds in the system reach 74 mph, it becomes a hurricane. New Jersey was severely impacted by Hurricane Sandy, with economic losses to businesses of up to $30 billion.Sandy, the most intense storm of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, formed in the Caribbean Sea north of Panama on October 22, 2012. But what do meteorologists and news anchors mean when they talk about hurricane categories, like category 1, category 3 or category 5? Even well-built frame homes, apartments and industrial buildings will likely experience major damage, and the storm will uproot many trees that may block roads. Skyscrapers swayed and creaked in winds that partially toppled a crane 74 stories above Midtown. It weakened to a tropical depression once reaching the Bahamas on October 27, but then it quickly restrengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. After its maximum sustained winds increased to more than 90 miles (144 km) per hour during the late evening, NHC officials reclassified the storm as a category 2 hurricane. Officials and residents in Puerto Rico, which was devastated by Hurricane Maria in 2017, are already bracing for the worst.
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